Answer :
Final answer:
The sixteenth-century religious and intellectual movements, primarily the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, significantly impacted society, shaping our understanding of reason, human nature, and the universe. However, these movements were class-specific, benefitting mostly the privileged urban elites due to low literacy rates and restricted access to education among poorer classes.
Explanation:
When comparing the religious and intellectual movements of the sixteenth century, it becomes evident that these two major societal shifts influenced one another and had a wide-reaching impact, although not uniformly or equally. The key principles of the Scientific Revolution established that the universe was orderly and rational, challenging traditional religious views and social structures. The Enlightenment, a period of intellectual growth inspired by this revolution's pioneering spirit, came to redefine our understanding of reason and human nature. Despite its far-reaching impact, however, not all society members were included in this exchange of ideas. Due to low literacy rates among peasants and artisans, the influence of Enlightenment texts was confined mainly to the urban elite. Even cheap print materials, such as pamphlets, were a significant expense for most laborers. Education institutions also played a part in perpetuating these societal divisions, as universities and scientific societies were primarily accessible to the privileged. The religious turmoil between Catholics and Protestants, related to the spread of Protestantism throughout northern Europe, equally shaped each group's success and influence in the New World. This division among Christian sects eventually fostered a competitive global environment.
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