Answer :
Final answer:
Keystone species play a critical role in maintaining biodiversity and structure in ecosystems. Their removal can lead to drastic changes, such as overpopulation of prey and reduced species diversity. Protecting keystone species is essential for ecological balance.
Explanation:
Importance of Keystone Species
A keystone species is one whose presence is key to maintaining biodiversity within an ecosystem and upholding an ecological community's structure. These species have a disproportionate impact on their environment, meaning even a small number of individuals can lead to significant changes.
Examples of Keystone Species
- Pisaster ochraceus: The intertidal sea star found in the northwestern United States. When removed, its prey (mussels) can proliferate, greatly altering the community structure and reducing biodiversity.
- Banded tetra: A fish in tropical streams that provides essential nutrients, mainly phosphorus, to the aquatic ecosystem. Its disappearance would similarly disrupt community relationships and biodiversity.
Consequences of Removing a Keystone Species
If a keystone species is reduced or removed from an ecosystem, the biodiversity can decline sharply. Prey populations may explode without predators, leading to overgrazing or dominance by a few species. This imbalance can push weaker species out and result in a less complex and resilient ecosystem.
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